The Influence of Salvador's Urban Parameters on the Photovoltaic Solar Energy Generation of Buildings
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46421/entac.v20i1.6130Keywords:
Photovoltaic Solar Energy, Urban Morphology, Geometric ModelingAbstract
Global population growth challenges urban planning, especially in terms of energy issues. In this context, photovoltaic solar energy emerges as a viable solution for urban centers. This work assumes that urban morphology plays a crucial role in the potential for photovoltaic solar energy generation in buildings and aims to demonstrate this relationship through simulations using numerical models, considering the regulations of the Urban Development Master Plan (2016) of Salvador. The literature review provides an overview of photovoltaic technology, urban design, and the relationship between urban parameters and solar radiation availability. The experimentation uses generic models of urban sections as a basis for simulations, created in different scenarios by varying the parameters of urban form. The study proves the influence of the surroundings, the utilization coefficient, the height of the buildings, and the spatial arrangement in the block. Such findings highlight the importance of implementing more stringent urban regulations to promote the utilization of photovoltaic solar energy.
References
ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS (ONU). Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. Global Population Growth and Sustainable Development. United States of America., n. 02, p.1-124, 2021. Disponível em: https://www.un.org/development/desa/pd/content/ global-population-growth. Acesso em: 11 jan. 2022.
ORGANIZAÇÃO DAS NAÇÕES UNIDAS (ONU). Department of Economic and Social Affairs. Population Division. World Population Prospects. The 2018 Revision. United States of America, 2019. p.1-126. Disponível em: https://population.un.org/wup/publications/Files/WUP2018-Report.pdf. Acesso em: 11 jan. 2020.
PAINEL BRASILEIRO DE MUDANÇAS CLIMÁTICAS (PBMC). Mudanças Climáticas e Cidades. Relatório Especial do Painel Brasileiro de Mudanças Climáticas. p. 1-120. 2016. Rio de Janeiro – RJ. Disponível em: http://www.pbmc.coppe.ufrj.br/documentos/Relatorio_UM_v10-2017-1.pdf. Acesso em: 26 jun. 2019.
EMPRESA DE PESQUISA ENERGÉTICA (EPE). BEN Balanço Energético Nacional Relatório Síntese. 2022. Disponível em: https://www.epe.gov.br/sites-pt/publicacoes-dados-abertos/publicacoes/PublicacoesArquivos/publicacao-675/topico-631/BEN_S%C3%ADntese_2022_PT.pdf. Acesso em: 12 set. 2022.
ZOMER, Clarissa Debiazi. Método de Estimativa da Influência do Sombreamento Parcial na Geração Energética de Sistemas Solares Fotovoltaicos Integrados em Edificações. 2014. Tese (Doutorado em Engenharia Civil) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2014.
KUMAR, Nallapaneni Manoj; SUDHAKAR, K.; SAMYKANO, M. Performance comparison of BAPV and BIPV systems with c-Si, CIS and CdTe photovoltaic technologies under tropical weather conditions. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, [s. l.], v. 13, p. 1-10, mar. 2019.
CHIVELET, Núria Martin; SOLLA, Ignacio Fernandez. Técnicas de vedação fotovoltaica na Arquitetura. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2010. p. 194.
BAKER, Nick; STEEMERS, Koen. Energy and Environment in Architecture: a technical design guide. Nova York: E & Fn Spon, 2000. 168 p.
STEEMERS, Koen. Energy and the city: density, buildings, and transport. Energy And Buildings, [s. l.], v. 2003, n. 35, p. 3-14, 2003.
STRØMANN-ANDERSEN, J.; SATTRUP, P. A. The urban canyon and building energy use: Urban density versus daylight and passive solar gains. Energy And Buildings, [s.l.], v. 2011, n. 43, p. 2011-2020, 2011.
CHENG, Vicky et al. Compact cities in a sustainable manner. In: SOLAR CITIES CONGRESS, 2, 2006, Oxford. International Solar Cities Congress, Oxford, 2006. p. 1-11.
MONTAVON, Marylène. Optimisation of Urban Form by the Evaluation of the Solar Potential. 2010. Dissertação (Mestrado) - À LA FACULTÉ Environnement Naturel, Architectural Et Construit, Suíça, 2010.
KANTERS, Jouri; HORVAT, Miljana. Solar Energy as a Design Parameter in Urban Planning. Energy Procedia, [s. l.], v. 30, p. 1143-1152, 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2012.11.127. Acesso em: 14 maio 2019.
KANTERS, Jouri; WALL, Maria. The impact of urban design decisions on net zero energy solar buildings in Sweden. Urban, Planning and Transport Research, [s. l.], v. 2, n. 1, p. 312-332, jan. 2014. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21650020.2014.939297. Acesso em: 13 out. 2020.
CHATZIPOULKA, Christina; COMPAGNON, Raphaël; NIKOLOPOULOU, Marialena. Urban geometry and solar availability on façades and ground of real urban forms: using London as a case study. Solar Energy, [s.l.], v. 138, p. 53-66, nov. 2016. DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2016.09.005. Acesso em: 14 maio 2020.
MOHAJERI, Nahid et al. Effects of urban compactness on solar energy potential. Renewable Energy, [s. l.], v. 93, p. 469-482, 2016. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.053. Acesso em: 19 out. 2021.
DEVI, Poonam; LOWRY, John Hyrum; WEBER, Eberhard. Global environmental impact of informal settlements and perceptions of local environmental threats: An empirical case study in Suva, Fiji. Habitat International, [s.l.], v. 69, p. 58-67, set. 2017. DOI:10.1016/j.habitatint.2017.08.005.
KÄMPF, Jérôme Henri; ROBINSON, Darren. Optimisation of urban energy demand using an evolutionary algorithm. In: INTERNATIONAL IBPSA CONFERENCE, 11., 2009, Glasgow, Scotland. Anais... Glasgow: IBPSA, 2009. p. 668-673.
VINCENZO, Maria Carla di; KESTEN, Dilay; INFIELD, David. Assessment of performance of building shading device with integrated photovoltaics in different urban scenarios. In: IEEE International Conference on Sustainable Energy Technologies (ICSET), [s.l.], p. 1-6, dez. 2010. DOI: 10.1109/ICSET.2010.5684450.
VAN ESCH, M. M. E.; LOOMAN, R. H. J.; BRUIN-HORDIJK, G. J. The effects of urban and building design parameters on solar access to the urban canyon and the potential for direct passive solar heating strategies. Energy And Buildings, [s.l.], v. 47, p. 189-200, 2012. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enbuild.2011.11.042. Acesso em: 13 maio 2018.
SANAIEIAN, Haniyeh; TENPIERIK, Martin; VAN DER LINDEN, Kees; MOFIDI SHEMRANI, Seyed Majid. Review of the impact of urban block form on thermal performance, solar access and ventilation. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, [s.l.], v. 38, p. 551–560, out. 2014. DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2014.06.007.
SARRALDE, Juan José; QUINN, David James; WIESMANN, Daniel; STEEMERS, Koen. Solar energy and urban morphology: Scenarios for increasing the renewable energy potential of neighbourhoods in London. Renewable Energy, [s.l.], v. 73, p. 10-17, 2015. DOI: 10.1016/j.renene.2014.06.028.
CHATZIPOULKA, Christina; COMPAGNON, Raphaël; NIKOLOPOULOU, Marialena. Urban geometry and solar availability on façades and ground of real urban forms: using London as a case study. Solar Energy, [s.l.], v. 138, p. 53-66, nov. 2016. DOI:10.1016/j.solener.2016.09.005. Acesso em: 14 maio 2020.
GAVIRIA, L. R.; PEREIRA, F. O. R.; MIZGIER, M. O. Influência da configuração urbana na geração fotovoltaica com sistemas integrados às fachadas. Ambiente Construído, Porto Alegre, v. 13, n. 4, p. 07–23, out./dez. 2013. Disponível em: https://seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/ambienteconstruido/article/view/40646.
GAVIRIA, R. G. Influência da configuração urbana na geração energética de sistemas fotovoltaicos integrados às fachadas. 2013. 128 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia Civil) – Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, 2013.
MARTINS, T.; ADOLPHE, L.; BASTOS, L. From solar constraints to urban design opportunities: optimization of built form typologies in a Brazilian tropical city. Energy and Buildings, v. 76, p. 43-56, 2014.
XXX – COMPLETAR
DIDONÉ, E.; WAGNER, A.; OSCAR RUTTKAY PEREIRA, F. Avaliação da influência do contexto urbano na radiação solar para geração de energia. Revista Brasileira De Gestão Urbana, v. 9, 2017. Disponível em: https://periodicos.pucpr.br/Urbe/article/view/22228. Acesso em: 31 maio 2024.
BIRCK, M. B.; AMORIM, C. N. D. Condicionantes solares como princípio orientador da forma urbana: estudo de caso contextualizado no Distrito Federal. Ambiente Construído, Porto Alegre, v. 20, n. 3, p. 591-609, jul./set. 2020. ISSN 1678-8621 Associação Nacional de Tecnologia do Ambiente Construído. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212020000300447. Acesso em: 24 maio 2019.
GIROTTI, C.; MARINS, K. R. C.; LARA, A. H. Análise da morfologia urbana para maximização de geração de energia fotovoltaica no Belenzinho, em São Paulo. Ambiente Construído, Porto Alegre, v. 19, n. 4, p. 7-22, out./dez. 2019. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-86212019000400340. Acesso em: 15 jul. 2020.
SIMON, H. A. The Sciences of the Artificial. 3. ed., Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996.
VAN AKEN, Joan Ernst. The Research design for Design Science Research in Management. British Journal of Management [s. l.], 16. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2005.00437.x. Acesso em: 15 maio 2018.
WALLS, J. G.; WIDEMEYER, G. R.; SAWY, O. A. E. Building an Information System Design Theory for Vigilent EIS. Information Systems Research, v. 3, n. 1, p. 36-59, mar. 1992.
DRESCH, Aline; LACERDA, Daniel Pacheco; ANTUNES JUNIOR, José Antônio Valle. Design Science Research: método de pesquisa para avanço da ciência e tecnologia. Porto Alegre: Bookman, 2015. p. 204.
MARCH, Salvatore T.; SMITH, Gerald F. Design and natural science research on information technology. Decision Support Systems, [s. l.], v. 15, n. 4, p. 251-266, dez. 1995. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-9236(94)00041-2. Acesso em: 13 jan. 2019.
GILL, T. Grandon; HEVNER, Alan R. A Fitness-Utility Model for Design Science Research. Service-Oriented Perspectives in Design Science Research, [s. l.], p. 237-252, 2011. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-20633-7_17. Acesso em: 20 jun. 2019.
