A INFLUÊNCIA DA MUDANÇA EM PADRÕES DE OCUPAÇÃO DO SOLO SOBRE AS CONDIÇÕES AMBIENTAIS URBANAS:

O CASO DO POÇO DA DRAGA, EM FORTALEZA-CE

Abstract

The city of Fortaleza is currently being targeted by a huge program that envisions six Consortium Urban Operations (Operações Urbanas Consorciadas – OUC – in portuguese, CUO, in English), each on a different location that have great real state potential. Each CUO stablishes new occupational parameters for each region, changing what is currently defined in the present City Master Plan. The work in question focus on the Central Litoral CUO, that encompass the Centro and Praia de Iracema neighborhoods, which are part of one of regions with greatest tourist potential for the city. In this process the contructive permissiveness resulting from the changes in urban parameters of the region, that encircles the informal settlements of Poço da Draga caught our attention. The verticalization of the landscape around this community caused by the height limit increase of the buildings along with the enlargement of the occupation index, have a direct influence on the urban environmental conditions and, consequently, the environmental conditions inside the buildings. In the present article, two land use scenarios are being compared to evaluate the urban environmental condition impact caused by the proposed changes in the building regulations on this section of the capital of Ceará, specifically the access of the community to sufficient sunlight and natural ventilation. Shadow projection analyzes were performed using a computational tool to analyze the sunlight, and the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique was used to evaluate the natural ventilation. Results indicate the reduction in the solar incidence due to the obstruction caused by the higher buildings proposed for the area around the settlement and, also, the decrease of the natural ventilation potential of the area with the reduction of the intensity of the air currents that arrive in the region of the study.