ESTUDO DO CONFORTO TÉRMICO DE UMA HABITAÇÃO DE INTERESSE SOCIAL (HIS) COM ALVENARIA DE TIJOLOS ECOLÓGICOS PRODUZIDOS COM REJEITOS DE RESÍDUOS SÓLIDOS URBANOS EM ARACAJU/SE

Abstract

The increasing urbanization and industrialization of modern societies has led to a large-scale production of solid waste, and its proliferation is therefore a global problem with immediate consequences for public health and the environment. Urban solid waste must be managed and controlled so as to reduce its volume and hazard, minimizing the damage of environmental pollution and the impacts in the population health. Currently, the most common waste control techniques are recycling and composting. Such techniques are known as tools that allow waste reuse. In this context, the use of recyclable materials in civil construction has been increasing day to day. However, in Brazil, no approach was found regarding material for the civil construction that is based on domiciliary solid residues, as the ecological brick. In this work, the thermal comfort of the ecological brick was analysed, a brick of low environmental impact and of easy applicability that can be used to improve the thermal comfort of the Brazilian constructions in general, including the housing for the low-income population. The main objective of the study was to verify the effectiveness of the ecological brick regarding the thermal comfort. The methodology consists of measuring the thermal comfort in a reference model of low-income residence with ecological bricks masonry produced with waste from urban solid waste. Changes in the envelope were soon made, such as the addition of coating mortar and white paint and the replacement of the ecological brick masonry with the ceramic brick masonry with and without coating in order to compare the values of the residence internal temperature. The measurement was performed by computational simulation with the EnergyPlus® software using the real-scale prototype of the popular standard Brazilian house, on the typical summer day. In the results, it was noticed that the residence of ecological bricks obtained a sensitive difference in temperature in comparison to the residence of solid ceramic bricks. The prototype built with ecological brick contributed to better conditions of thermal comfort, as it provided lower internal temperatures, and, consequently, lower heat gain. Therefore, it was verified a change in the values of thermal transmittance and delay related to the behaviour of masonry in the different environments of the building. As for the influence of the addition of the coating mortar and the external paint with a light color, it was observed that there was a significant improvement in the thermal performance of the masonry. Therefore, for a better thermal comfort of the users of the buildings in the Brazilian bioclimatic zone number 8, it is indicated that the seal composed by ecological bricks is towed and its facade painted with light colors.