Estratégias para desmaterialização de edificações: uma abordagem exploratória
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46421/entac.v20i1.6285Palavras-chave:
Desmaterialização, Descarbonização, Construção, Otimização de design, DesempenhoResumo
A desmaterialização é uma estratégia considerada para mitigar os impactos ambientais do setor da construção. Acredita-se que, através da redução no uso de materiais para um mesmo desempenho requirido, seja possível minimizar a pegada de carbono, energia e água dos edifícios. O objetivo deste estudo é identificar estratégias para a desmaterialização de edifícios, visando reduzir emissões de carbono pelo menor consumo de materiais. Para isso executou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura seguida de análise bibliométrica, buscando identificar o direcionamento que o tema tem tomado nas pesquisas científicas recentes, bem como, as estratégias para a desmaterialização que têm sido propostas. Os resultados indicaram que ¼ dos trabalhos levantados são europeus, enquanto o restante está distribuído principalmente entre China (23%), América do Norte (11%) e Oceania (6%), havendo uma lacuna significativa de pesquisas neste tema no Brasi (0%). Do total de 147 artigos analisados, apenas 11 abordam especificamente a desmaterialização para a construção civil. A tendência dos tópicos dentro da temática indica pesquisas com foco em design arquitetônico, construção sustentável e tomada de decisões. Destaca-se o Building Information Modeling (BIM) como ferramenta digital para desmaterialização. Acredita-se que esta primeira aproximação à temática possa contribuir para encaminhamento de pesquisas correlatas ou que busquem identificar estratégias para a descarbonização das construções.
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