IMPACTOS AMBIENTALES DE LOS PROYECTOS DE INFRAESTRUCTURA
Una propuesta metodológica para la identificación y cuantificación
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46421/euroelecs.v6.7913Palabras clave:
Impacto Ambiental, Metodología de Evaluación, Infraestructura Urbana, Pré-Construcción, PlanificaciónResumen
El desarrollo acelerado de la construcción ha impulsado positivamente la economía, pero también ha generado contaminación ambiental. El objetivo de este artículo fue proponer un modelo para cuantificar e identificar las causas de los aspectos ambientales en proyectos de infraestructura urbana durante la fase de preconstrucción. La metodología incluyó diez aspectos ambientales y seis actividades de construcción, divididas en tres fases: cuantificación, elaboración del inventario e identificación de las causas de los aspectos ambientales. Los resultados de los proyectos A, B y C confirmaron cinco aspectos ambientales con cuantificaciones de las razones unitarias normalizadas máximas, a saber: emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero (1,00, 1,00 y 1,00); consumo de energía (0,99, 0,99 y 1,00); contaminación acústica (0,84, 0,89 y 1,00); Uso de agua con 0,95, 1,00 y 0,96, y uso de recursos y materias primas con 1,00, 1,00 y 1,00, causado por los métodos de construcción, la maquinaria, los materiales y las condiciones ambientales del proyecto. Esta propuesta fue la primera iniciativa para investigar analítica y preventivamente el desempeño ambiental de futuros proyectos de infraestructura, respaldando las estrategias previas a la construcción. En última instancia, este esfuerzo inicial podría evolucionar para crear oportunidades para evitar, mitigar, reducir o aceptar los impactos ambientales de los proyectos de infraestructura en países en desarrollo.
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Derechos de autor 2025 ENCUENTRO LATINOAMERICANO Y EUROPEO SOBRE EDIFICICACIONES Y COMUNIDADES SOSTENIBLES
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