The use of columbariums as a sustainable burial method for more resilient cities

Abstract

This article aims to present and discuss the use of columbariums in large cities as a sustainable practice, based on the typologies of human remains treatment: inhumation (natural decomposition) and cremation. The research addresses burial types and the ways cemeteries occupy physical space, highlighting cultural, economic, and environmental advantages and disadvantages, as well as examining the sizing of these typologies. The study is historical-documentary and qualitative, conducted through specialized literature and visits to cemeteries in the state of Rio de Janeiro, with non-participant direct observation and photographic records. As preliminary results, it is noted that the territorial organization of cemeteries using inhumation no longer meets the population’s demand, making it necessary to seek more resilient and sustainable techniques. Although cremation and placement in columbariums/ossuaries is a new topic for some, it is observed that cremation still poses environmental problems (air pollution), but requires significantly less space compared to inhumation—about six times smaller—mitigates soil pollution, and allows those who wish to remain close to their ancestors to have a site to honor them sustainably, especially regarding physical space and urban sanitation.