Energy benchmarking of water heating systems in social housing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46421/encac.v17i1.3788Keywords:
Hot water, Energy efficiency, Energy benchmark, Social housingAbstract
The objective of this work is to perform a benchmarking (comparative analysis) of residential water heating systems and to evaluate the application in different cities in Brazil. The energy efficiency tables for electric showers, gas heaters and solar water heating components made available by IPT and INMETRO were evaluated. The data from the different appliances was analysed and discussions were presented on how the interpretations can help designers understand which system to use and how to compare them energetically. Next, the sizing of four water heating systems was performed by means of the methodology made available by the Inmetro Normative Instruction for the Energy Efficiency Rating of Residential Buildings (INI-R), of Ordinance no. 309 of September 6, 2022. The four systems considered were: electric showers, gas water heater, electric boiler with accumulation and solar heating with electric support. A housing unit in a multi-family building was chosen and its use was evaluated in twelve different Brazilian cities with different bioclimatic zones. The results were used to compare primary energy consumption with energy benchmarking. Primary energy consumption varied between 1599 and 3226 kWh/year for electric showers, and the use of solar energy supplied between 24 and 100% of the energy for water heating. One can also perceive that electric showers had less impact in locations with lower hot water demand, such as buildings in the North and Northeast of the country. Overall, one hopes to assist designers with information on the energy efficiency of water heating.
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