Environmental performance of the production of ternary cements based on calcined clay and waste from marble
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46421/entac.v20i1.5872Keywords:
Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC3), Waste, Marble, Environmental impacts.Abstract
The cement industry has the potential to reduce raw material extraction and its environmental impacts by using solid waste. This study evaluated the environmental performance by replacing limestone filler in the production of Limestone Calcined Clay Cement (LC³) with marble waste. Environmental impacts were compared among different formulations: reference (ordinary Portland cement), LC³, and CTR with marble waste (15% limestone replacement). The environmental analysis was cradle-to-gate, including raw material extraction/acquisition to cement production. Using OpenLCA software and the Ecoinvent 3.6 database, the evaluation considered categories such as global warming potential (GWP100a) and abiotic resource depletion. The ternary cement produced with marble waste caused less environmental impact, with a 39,0% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional cement and 1,2% compared to LC³ without the waste. Regarding natural resource consumption, there was a 45,0% decrease compared to conventional cement and 13,0% compared to LC³ without the waste.
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