RELAÇÕES ENTRE FORMA URBANA, ASPECTOS SOCIOECONÔMICOS E COMPORTAMENTO DE VIAGEM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.29327/sbqp2021.438070Palavras-chave:
Comportamento de viagem, Eficiência energética, Transporte, Forma urbanaResumo
Os países em desenvolvimento, especialmente nas últimas décadas do século XX, assistiram elevadas taxas de urbanização, que culminaram no crescimento caótico das cidades. Entre as atividades afetadas por tal modelo de desenvolvimento encontra-se a da circulação de pessoas e bens, que concentra grande demanda energética e um alto volume de emissões na cidade. O problema se acentuou na medida em que os automóveis foram eleitos como meios preferenciais de transporte. O modelo contradiz na prática, os achados de extensa literatura considerando que os meios de transporte coletivos e ativos estão relacionados a índices de consumo de energia e emissões muito melhores que os carros, e, por isso, seriam considerados mais sustentáveis. Nesse sentido, o trabalho lança mão da revisão de literatura para analisar como os aspectos socioeconômicos e de forma urbana se relacionam com o comportamento de viagem e quais políticas públicas seriam interessantes para moldá-lo. Conclui-se que os aspectos que parecem estar mais relacionados a comportamentos de viagem mais eficientes são densidade, uso do solo, renda, transporte público eficiente e preço do combustível. No entanto, é necessário um estudo profundo de cada caso, visto que esta é uma questão subordinada aos aspectos culturais, econômicos e históricos de cada região.
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