Conforto térmico urbano: Análise comparativa entre dados de imagens de satélite e câmera termográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.46421/entac.v20i1.6094Palavras-chave:
Sensoriamento remoto, Temperatura de superfície urbana, Ilhas de calor urbana, Simulação térmica urbanaResumo
As imagens obtidas por meio de sensoriamento remoto são utilizadas para analisar a temperatura de superfícies, o microclima e as ilhas de calor urbanas, em estudos de conforto térmico e consumo de energia na escala urbana. Por um lado, imagens termais de satélite disponibilizadas gratuitamente geralmente têm uma resolução insuficiente para estudos locais, podendo ocorrer grandes distorções nas temperaturas aferidas. Por outro lado, câmeras termográficas portáteis têm o potencial de medir a temperatura de superfícies com alta precisão. Portanto, o uso conjunto de imagens termais de satélite e de câmeras portáteis têm o potencial de trazer mais precisão e confiabilidade em análises urbanas, quando as superfícies analisadas têm alto grau de heterogeneidade material. Dessa forma, o presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar a relação entre as temperaturas de superfícies medidas in loco e as imagens térmicas obtidas pelos satélites Landsat 8 e Landsat 9, em escala reduzida. Para isso, foram selecionados pontos de medição na cidade de Porto Alegre, estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Nesses pontos, utilizou-se uma câmera termográfica para gerar imagens das variações de temperatura de superfície do piso, considerando os diferentes materiais no local, elas foram feitas simultaneamente às imagens dos satélites. Os resultados preliminares destacam que a comparação pode variar em função das superfícies e das discrepâncias entre as dimensões dos pixels nas imagens do Landsat e da câmera termográfica. No entanto, a análise de superfícies semelhantes indica que o uso de imagens de satélite tem grande potencial para gerar dados a serem utilizados em simulações computacionais de conforto térmico urbano.
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